Data science

Learning analytics

Mathematics

Big data

Operating system

Mathematics education

Computer science

Cooperative learning

Cloud computing

World Wide Web

Personalized learning

Teaching method

Open learning

Multimedia

Educational technology

International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Innovative information and communication technologies have reformed higher education from the traditional way to smart learning. Smart learning applies technological and social developments and facilitates effective personalized learning with innovative technologies, especially smart devices and online technologies. Smart learning has attracted increasing research interest from the academia. This study aims to comprehensively review the research field of smart learning by conducting a topic modeling analysis of 555 smart learning publications collected from the Scopus database. In particular, it seeks answers to (1) what the major research topics concerning smart learning were, and (2) how these topics evolved. Results demonstrate several major research issues, for example, Interactive and multimedia learning , STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education , Attendance and attention recognition , Blended learning for smart learning , and Affective and biometric computing . Furthermore, several emerging topics were identified, for example, Smart learning analytics , Software engineering for e-learning systems , IoT (Internet of things) and cloud computing , and STEM education . Additionally, potential inter-topic directions were highlighted, for instance, Attendance and attention recognition and IoT and cloud computing , Semantics and ontology and Mobile learning , Feedback and assessment and MOOCs (massive open online courses) and course content management , as well as Blended learning for smart learning and Ecosystem and ambient intelligence .

Past, present, and future of smart learning: a topic-based bibliometric analysis