Performance analysis of l ong‐reach 40/ 40 Gbps mode division multiplexing‐based hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network / free‐space optics using Gamma‐Gamma fading model with pointing error under different weather conditions

Time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (TWDM‐PON) is adopted across the globe and is considered as the most remarkable trend of the next‐generation solution to serve exponential traffic growth for fifth‐generation (5G) network. In the interest of achieving 5G network requirements, we propose a mode division multiplexing (MDM) based bidirectional 40/40 Gbps hybrid TWDM‐PON and free‐space optics (FSO) system. The system...