Histone code

Promoter

Gene

Acetylation

Chromatin immunoprecipitation

Transcription coregulator

Philosophy

Gene expression

Histone methyltransferase

Chromatin remodeling

Transcription (linguistics)

DNA methylation

Histone methylation

Histone Acetyltransferases

Linguistics

SAP30

Genetics

Histone H2A

HDAC4

RNA polymerase II

Histone

Nucleosome

Biology

Cell biology

Nature Communications

Histone acetylation is a ubiquitous hallmark of transcription, but whether the link between histone acetylation and transcription is causal or consequential has not been addressed. Using immunoblot and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing in S. cerevisiae, here we show that the majority of histone acetylation is dependent on transcription. This dependency is partially explained by the requirement of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) for the interaction of H4 histone acetyltransferases (HATs) with gene bodies. Our data also confirms the targeting of HATs by transcription activators, but interestingly, promoter-bound HATs are unable to acetylate histones in the absence of transcription. Indeed, HAT occupancy alone poorly predicts histone acetylation genome-wide, suggesting that HAT activity is regulated post-recruitment. Consistent with this, we show that histone acetylation increases at nucleosomes predicted to stall RNAPII, supporting the hypothesis that this modification is dependent on nucleosome disruption during transcription. Collectively, these data show that histone acetylation is a consequence of RNAPII promoting both the recruitment and activity of histone acetyltransferases.

Transcription shapes genome-wide histone acetylation patterns