Direct simulation Monte Carlo

Distribution function

Relaxation (psychology)

Mathematics

Mechanics

Computer science

Collision

Knudsen number

Lattice Boltzmann methods

Flow (mathematics)

Monte Carlo method

Kinetic energy

Kinetic theory

Classical mechanics

Thermodynamics

Statistical physics

Dynamic Monte Carlo method

Boltzmann equation

Computer security

Statistics

Psychology

Kinetic scheme

Social psychology

Physics

Boltzmann constant

Physics of Fluids

Many kinetic relaxation models have been proposed for the study of rarefied flows. Based on the single relaxation time model, a discrete velocity method-based unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) has been constructed. The UGKS models the gas dynamics on the discretized space directly on account of accumulating flow evolution from particle transport and collision within a time step. Under the UGKS framework, a unified gas-kinetic wave-particle (UGKWP) method has been further developed for non-equilibrium flow simulation, where the time evolution of the gas distribution function is composed of analytical wave and individual particles. In the highly rarefied regime, the flow evolution is mainly described by the particle transport and collision. Because of the use of single relaxation time for particle collision, there is a noticeable discrepancy between the UGKWP solution and the full Boltzmann or direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) result, such as the temperature distribution inside a shock layer at high Mach num...

Modeling and computation for non-equilibrium gas dynamics: Beyond single relaxation time kinetic models