Hierarchically Releasing Bio-Responsive Nanoparticles for Complete Tumor Microenvironment Modulation via TGF-β Pathway Inhibition and TAF Reduction

The aggressive progression of breast cancer is impacted significantly by the tumor microenvironment (TME). The current chemotherapy normally causes cytotoxicity to tumor cells, while does not effectively modulate the TME. Thus, the chemotherapy effect of breast cancer is usually dissatisfactory. In this study, a kind of hierarchically releasing bio-responsive nanoparticles (R(D)/H(S) NPs), constructed by β-cyclodextrin-grafted heparin and...