Enlightening the Immune Mechanism of the Abscopal Effect in a Murine HCC Model and Overcoming the Late Resistance With Anti-PD-L1

Purpose The establishment of a preclinical model of the abscopal effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluation of whether the hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT) multitumor Hepa1-6 mouse HCC model could be used to suppress nonradiated tumor mass was performed in this study. Methods and Materials Hepa1-6 mouse liver cancer cell lines were used to form tumors. Immunogenicity was analyzed using ELISpot and immune cell labeled...