Phase Equilibria of Difluoromethane (R32), 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R134a), and trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234ze(E)) Probed by Experimental Measurements and Monte Carlo Simulations

The combination of difluoromethane (R32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234ze(E)) has been recently proposed as a potential substitute (R456A) for hydrofluorocarbon working fluids. For the design and process simulation of refrigeration systems using refrigerant mixtures, precise knowledge of their thermophysical properties, especially vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE), is crucial. To extend the...