Facet Tropism in Lumbar Spine and Cervical Spine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Facet tropism (FT) refers to the difference in the orientation of facet joints with respect to each other in the sagittal plane. FT leads to unequal biomechanical forces on facet joint and intervertebral disc during rotation and other physiologic movements. Most of the studies have reported the incidence of FT in the lumbar spine to vary between 40% and 70%, with L4-5 level being the most commonly afflicted level. The objective of this study was...