Geology

Meteorology

Consistency (knowledge bases)

Mathematics

Computer science

Climatology

Data set

Geography

Oceanography

Latitude

Condensed matter physics

Environmental science

Geodesy

Climate change

Anomaly (physics)

Artificial intelligence

Grid

Statistics

Physics

Sea surface temperature

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

We present a new version of the Met Office Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit global surface temperature data set, HadCRUT5. HadCRUT5 presents monthly average near‐surface temperature anomalies, relative to the 1961–1990 period, on a regular 5° latitude by 5° longitude grid from 1850 to 2018. HadCRUT5 is a combination of sea‐surface temperature (SST) measurements over the ocean from ships and buoys and near‐surface air temperature measurements from weather stations over the land surface. These data have been sourced from updated compilations and the adjustments applied to mitigate the impact of changes in SST measurement methods have been revised. Two variants of HadCRUT5 have been produced for use in different applications. The first represents temperature anomaly data on a grid for locations where measurement data are available. The second, more spatially complete, variant uses a Gaussian process based statistical method to make better use of the available observations, extending temperature anomaly estim...

An Updated Assessment of Near‐Surface Temperature Change From 1850: The HadCRUT5 Data Set