Necking of double-network gels: Constitutive modeling with microstructural insight

In this study, a constitutive model is proposed to describe the necking behavior of double network (DN) gels based on statistical micromechanics of interpenetrating polymer networks. Accordingly, the constitutive response of DN gels in large deformations has been divided into three zones, i.e., prenecking, necking, and postnecking. The behavior of the DN gel is dominated by the behavior of the first and the second networks in each stage. In a...