Plastic-yielding analysis in the pipe-bending process of AZ31 and AA7050 using the normalized Cockcroft and Latham criterion

Compared with other sheet-metal-forming processes, the deformation conditions of pipe bending are affected by the material, equipment, die, and multiple other factors. Therefore, it is urgent to explore methods that avoid forming defects and improve the bend-forming quality. Wall-thinning induced ductile fracture is one of the dominant defects in the pipe-bending process, especially for materials with lower ductility. In this study, the...