Nocebo response in human models of migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover trials in migraine without aura and healthy volunteers

Background Human models of migraine have been used for the past 30 years to test putative ‘trigger’ molecules and ascertain whether they induce migraine attacks in humans. However, nocebo effects using this model have never been systematically explored. Objective To assess the nocebo response rate in randomised clinical trials conducted at the Danish Headache Center, and in which human models of migraine were used. Methods In this systematic...