Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote rotator cuff tendon-bone healing by promoting angiogenesis and regulating M1 macrophages in rats

Background Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) often require reconstructive surgery. Tendon-bone healing is critical for the outcome of rotator cuff reconstruction, but the process of tendon-bone healing is complex and difficult. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be an effective method to promote tendon-bone healing. MSCs have strong paracrine, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and angiogenic potential. Recent studies have shown that MSCs...