Numerical simulation of slipstreams and wake flows of trains with different nose lengths passing through a tunnel

This study examined the slipstreams induced by high-speed trains (HSTs) passing through a tunnel using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method. First, the flow fields in the open air and in a tunnel were compared. Furthermore, the flow in a tunnel was analyzed in detail, considering the development of both instantaneous flow structures and slipstream profiles at various measurement points. Finally, by considering four...