Temperature adaptability issue of aqueous rechargeable batteries

Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) have received widespread attention and made great progress due to their intrinsic safety, facile assembly, and low cost. However, ARBs have high sensitivity to temperature, which seriously hinders their practical applications. At low temperature, the solvent water freeze and the ionic conductivity of aqueous electrolytes are greatly reduced. At high temperature, the gas bubbling and gas expansion arise by...