The Detection of Cheating on E-Exams in Higher Education—The Performance of Several Old and Some New Indicators

In this paper, we compare the performance of 18 indicators of cheating on e-exams in higher education. Basis of the study was a field experiment. The experimental setting was a computer assisted mock exam in an introductory course on psychology conducted at a university. The experimental manipulation consisted in inducing two forms of cheating (preknowledge, test collusion) in a subgroup of the examinees. As indicators of cheating, we consider...