Wind shear

Global warming

Geology

Climate change

Meteorology

Atmospheric sciences

Geography

Northern Hemisphere

Climatology

Tropical cyclone

Environmental science

Oceanography

Wind speed

Environmental Research Letters

Tropical cyclone (TC) genesis potential index (GPI) has been extensively used to understand the processes governing climate variability and future change of TC genesis (TCG). However, the relative roles of the thermodynamic versus dynamic environmental factors in TC genesis remain elusive, especially under a warming world. Here we show that four leading dynamic factors, the 850 hPa absolute vorticity, 500 hPa vertical motion, tropospheric vertical wind shear, and 500 hPa shear vorticity of zonal winds, are objectively identified by the logarithmic stepwise regression analysis from 11 dynamic and thermodynamic candidate factors. We further demonstrate that the model results from a TC-permitting global model ascertain the four leading dynamical factors as the most influential in both the present-day simulation and future projection under global warming. A dynamic GPI, consisting of the four dynamic parameters, provides a diagnostic tool for understanding future change of TC genesis. Meanwhile, it improves skills in representing interannual variations of TCG frequency in the western Pacific and Southern Hemisphere oceans.

Dynamic genesis potential index for diagnosing present-day and future global tropical cyclone genesis