Novel treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in situ with docetaxel in BCG refractory patients

Patients with upper-tract carcinoma in situ (UT-CIS) that have failed treatment with BCG are recommended for radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). We describe a cohort of patients with BCG-refractory UT-CIS that were treated with docetaxel, a novel agent in the approach to topical therapy.Patients with pathologically proven UT-CIS from 2012 to 2020 with an imperative indication for organ preservation and history of BCG-refractory disease were...