Anatomy

Pathology

Vestibular system

Inner ear

Disease

Meniere's disease

Pure tone audiometry

Semicircular canal

Vestibular aqueduct

Hearing loss

Audiometry

Audiology

Cohort

Vestibule

Medicine

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology

Purpose When referring to enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) we should differentiate between nonsyndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct (NSEVA) and Pendred Syndrome (PDS), a disease continuum associated with pathogenic sequence variants of Pendrin’s Gene (SLC26A4) in about half of the cases. The study was aimed to analyse the clinical and audiological features of a monocentric cohort of Caucasian patients with NSEVA/PDS, their genetic assessment and morphological inner ear features. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the audiologic, genetic and anamnestic data of 66 patients with NSEVA/PDS followed by our audiology service. Results SLC26A4 mutations was significantly correlated with the presence of PDS rather than NSEVA ( p &lt; 0.019), with the expression of inner ear malformations ( p &lt; 0.001) and with different severity of hearing loss ( p = 0.001). Furthermore, patients with PDS showed significantly worse pure tone audiometry (PTA) than patients with NSEVA ( p = 0.001). Anatomically normal ears presented significantly better PTA than ears associated with Mondini Malformation or isolated EVA ( p &lt; 0.001), but no statistically significative differences have been observed in PTA between patients with Mondini Malformation and isolated EVA. Conclusion NSEVA/PDS must be investigated in all the congenital hearing loss, but also in progressive, late onset, stepwise forms. Even mixed or fluctuating hearing loss may constitute a sign of a NSEVA/PDS pathology. Our findings can confirm the important role of SLC26A4 mutations in determining the phenotype of isolated EVA/PDS, both for the type/degree of the malformation, the hearing impairment and the association with thyroid dysfunction.

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct and Mondini Malformation: audiological, clinical, radiologic and genetic features