How to dissect the liver parenchyma: Excavation with cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator

Background A large amount of blood flows in and out of the liver through the inflow system consisting of the portal vein and hepatic artery within the Glissonean cord and the outflow system constituted by the hepatic veins. Methods During liver parenchymal dissection, useful methods to maintain a dry operative field are to control the inflow system with the Pringle maneuver and the outflow system by managing the central venous pressure....