Porous nano-hydroxyapatites doped into substrate for thin film composite forward osmosis membrane to show high performance

The incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles into thin film composite forward osmosis (TFC FO) membranes is an effective method to alleviate internal concentration polarization (ICP) and enhance the flux performance of the FO membrane. In this paper, synthetic hydrophilic rod-like porous nano-hydroxyapatites (PNHAs) were doped into polysulfone (PSf) casting solution to form support layer by phase inversion; further interfacial polymerization was...