Atrial Functional Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation

Functional or secondary regurgitation of the atrioventricular valves most commonly presents as a consequence of ventricular heart disease. However, there is increasing recognition that functional mitral and/or tricuspid regurgitation can also relate to isolated atrial pathology in the absence of ventricular disease, as seen in atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of this review article...