Geodesy

Satellite

Geographic coordinate system

Engineering

Aerospace engineering

Pure mathematics

Net (polyhedron)

Statistics

Field (mathematics)

Precipitation

Systems engineering

Data mining

Computer science

Estimation

Mathematics

Geography

Environmental science

Artificial intelligence

Geometry

Remote sensing

Meteorology

Artificial neural network

Convolutional neural network

Machine learning

Environmental Modelling & Software

Reliable near real-time precipitation estimates are essential for monitoring and managing of natural disasters such as floods. Quality of inputs and capability of the retrieval algorithm are two important aspects for developing satellite-based precipitation datasets. Most retrieval algorithms utilize infrared (IR) information as their input due to its fine spatiotemporal resolution and near-instantaneous availability. However, their sole reliance on IR information limits their capability to learn different mechanisms of precipitation during training, resulting in less accurate estimates. Moreover, recent advances in the field of machine learning offer attractive opportunities to improve the precipitation retrieval algorithms. This study investigates the effectiveness of adding geographical information (i.e. latitude and longitude) to IR information and the application of a U-Net-based convolutional neural network for improving the accuracy of retrieval algorithms. This research suggests that applying an appropriate CNN architecture on geographical and IR information provides an opportunity to improve the satellite-based precipitation products.

Improving near real-time precipitation estimation using a U-Net convolutional neural network and geographical information