Isogeometric boundary element analysis and shape optimization by PSO for 3D axi-symmetric high frequency Helmholtz acoustic problems

The boundary element method (BEM) has been widely used for approximating the solution of the Helmholtz acoustic equation due to its superiority for handling unbounded domains by modeling only the inner boundaries and avoiding the truncation error, present in the finite element method (FEM). Non-uniform rational B-splines basis functions (NURBS) are used in an isogeometric setting to describe both the CAD geometries and the physical fields....