Refractive index modulation of YAG crystal through electronic energy depositions of argon ions

This work has demonstrated the feasibility to modulate the refractive index of YAG crystal at variable depths via electronic energy depositions of argon ions. Surface and buried cladding waveguide layers of various geometries were successfully created, which are capable of effective light confinement and guidance at infrared waveband of 1064 nm. Refractive index profiles of irradiated layers were reconstructed in a reasonable manner according to...