Disease

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Biology

Evolutionary biology

Gene

Host (biology)

Cytoplasm

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak

Genetics

Medicine

Computational biology

Infectious disease (medical specialty)

Outbreak

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Virology

Pathology

Nucleolus

Cell Systems

SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) transcripts hijack the host cell's machinery. Subcellular localization of its viral RNA could, thus, play important roles in viral replication and host antiviral immune response. We perform computational modeling of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA subcellular residency across eight subcellular neighborhoods. We compare hundreds of SARS-CoV-2 genomes with the human transcriptome and other coronaviruses. We predict the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome and sgRNAs to be enriched toward the host mitochondrial matrix and nucleolus, and that the 5′ and 3′ viral untranslated regions contain the strongest, most distinct localization signals. We interpret the mitochondrial residency signal as an indicator of intracellular RNA trafficking with respect to double-membrane vesicles, a critical stage in the coronavirus life cycle. Our computational analysis serves as a hypothesis generation tool to suggest models for SARS-CoV-2 biology and inform experimental efforts to combat the virus. A record of ...

RNA-GPS Predicts SARS-CoV-2 RNA Residency to Host Mitochondria and Nucleolus