Approach and avoidance in Gray's, Higgins', and Elliot's perspectives: A theoretical comparison and integration of approach-avoidance in motivated behavior

This article first reviews the main theoretical propositions of Gray's Reinforcer Sensitivity Theory (RST), Higgins' Regulatory Focus Theory (RFT), and Elliot's Achievement Goal Theory (AGT), which all made a significant contribution to our understanding of goal directed behavior from an approach-avoidance perspective. Reviewing these three seminal theoretical frameworks helped us to uncover important areas of conceptual similarities related to...