Hemoptysis and bronchial artery-pulmonary artery malformation

Hemoptysis, defined as the expectoration of blood or blood-tinged sputum from the lower respiratory tract has to be differentiated from hematemesis and other anatomic site of bleeding.In pediatric patients with hemoptysis, no definite classification correlating severity with blood loss exists.Thus, clinical judgment is the primary tool that clinicians have in assessing the severity of hemoptysis in children.Infection is one of the most common...