Survival analysis

Cancer

Internal medicine

Surgery

Oncology

Chemotherapy

Total mesorectal excision

Capecitabine

FOLFOX

Chemoradiotherapy

Concomitant

Fluorouracil

Oxaliplatin

Complete response

Radiation therapy

Colorectal cancer

Log-rank test

Medicine

Journal of Clinical Oncology

4008 Background: Organ preservation (OP) with a watch and wait strategy (WW) and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) are new treatment paradigms for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The safety and efficacy of WW and of TNT have not been studied prospectively. Methods: Patients with MRI stage II and III rectal adenocarcinoma were randomized to 4 months of FOLFOX or CAPEOX before (Induction) or after (Consolidation) fluorouracil or capecitabine based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Patients were re-staged 8-12 weeks after finishing TNT with digital rectal exam, flexible sigmoidoscopy and MRI. Patients with complete or near-complete clinical response were offered WW. Those with incomplete response had total mesorectal excision. The trial was designed so that each arm served as its own single-stage study that discriminates between 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates of 75% (historical null) and 85%, with 86% power, and a two-sided type I error of 5%. Secondary objectives included comparing DFS, OP, and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates between the two arms using the log-rank test. Results: Of 324 patients enrolled, 307 (152 I, 155 C) are currently evaluable for the time-to-event analysis as of 2/1/2020. Median follow-up is 2.1 years; 52 DFS events were observed. Patient demographics and tumor characteristics were generally balanced across the two arms. Full compliance with systemic chemotherapy was 82% and 81% for the I- and C-arms, respectively. The median radiation dose was 5400 cGy for both arms. Table shows 3-y DFS, DMFS, and OP rates. Conclusions: A WW strategy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer that achieve a clinical complete response to TNT results in organ preservation for a high proportion of patients without compromising survival. Up-front CRT followed by consolidation chemotherapy resulted in a numerically higher WW rate compared to induction chemotherapy followed by CRT. Clinical trial information: NCT02008656 . [Table: see text]

Preliminary results of the organ preservation of rectal adenocarcinoma (OPRA) trial.