Mechanisms of Floor Heave in Roadways Adjacent to a Goaf Caused by the Fracturing of a Competent Roof and Controlling Technology

In traditional sequential single-wing mining practices, one-entry longwall mining systems make it challenging to efficiently and smoothly transfer mining equipment during a continuous mining sequence. In two-entry longwall systems, the headgate of the current panel and the tailgate of the next panel are excavated parallel to one another, effectively creating space for the transfer of mining equipment. The tailgate of the panel, however, is...