A critical examination of the influence of material characteristics and extruder geometry on 3D printing of cementitious binders

Extrusion pressure-displacement tests on cementitious pastes with multiple starting materials and differing particle packing, subjected to different extrusion geometries are reported. The steady state extrusion pressure (equivalent to extrusion yield stress) and the deadzone length (static zone of material buildup at die entry) are determined from the pressure-displacement response to characterize the extrudability and/or printability. A unique...