Competitive cation−π interactions between small cations and polycations with phenyl groups in poly(cation−π) hydrogels

Although cation−π interactions play a critical role in biological systems, experimental studies in aqueous environments are limited due to a lack of suitable systems and methods. The recent success in synthesizing water-soluble poly(cation−π) bearing adjacent cationic/aromatic residues provides excellent systems for studying cation−π interactions in aqueous environments. In this study, we investigated competitive cation−π interactions between...