Q methodology in learning, design, and technology: an introduction

An important element of good design, instructional or otherwise, is awareness of and being empathetic to the needs, wants, interests, values, and opinions of the intended audience. Typical approaches to learning about the subjective viewpoints of a particular audience have included survey instruments based on Likert-type items and open-ended questions, interviews, and focus groups. This article presents an overview of another approach using Q...