Improvement of antithrombotic activity of red ginseng extract by nanoencapsulation using chitosan and antithrombotic cross-linkers: polyglutamic acid and fucoidan

Red ginseng (RG) extract, especially ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 fractions has been reported to have antithrombotic activities. However, gastric instability and low intestinal permeability are considered to be obstacles to its oral administration. We hypothesized that stability, permeability, and activities of RG might be improved by encapsulation within nanoparticles (NPs) prepared with antithrombotic coating materials. RG-loaded chitosan (CS) NPs...