Reverse immune suppressive microenvironment in tumor draining lymph nodes to enhance anti-PD1 immunotherapy via nanovaccine complexed microneedle

The maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and infiltration effector T cells in tumor-draining lymph node (tdLN) and tumor tissue are crucial for immunotherapy. Despite constructive progresses have been made with anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD1) checkpoint blockade for immunotherapy, the efficacy of PD1/PD-L1 therapy deserves to be improved. Here, we constructed a novel transfersomes based nanovaccine complexed microneedles to enhance anti-PD1...