Spherical Hankel-Based Creep Analysis of Time-Dependent Materials Using Boundary-Element Theories

In this article, the boundary-element method (BEM) is applied to solve viscoelastic problems with any alteration in load, time, or boundary condition. The innovation of using spherical Hankel element framework instead of the classical Lagrangian approach is an effort to estimate the state variables of essential differential equations of BEM. This approach leads to the simultaneous satisfaction of the first- and second-order Bessel functions and...