Hemorrhage owing to cerebral cavernous malformation: imaging, clinical, and histopathological considerations

Cavernous malformation (CM) is the second most common cerebral vascular malformation and is often found incidentally. Their natural history is usually benign, however, patients with CM who present with symptomatic hemorrhage may later follow a serious clinical course if left untreated. The risk of hemorrhage is associated with previous hemorrhage, lesion location (infratentorial and deep), and the presence of associated developmental venous...