Epistemology

Machine learning

Programming language

Ontology

Verb

Doxastic logic

Philosophy

Sentence

Expressivism

Pragmatics

Value (mathematics)

Computer science

Implicature

Linguistics

Modal verb

Semantics (computer science)

Linguistics and Philosophy

Expressivists about epistemic modals deny that ‘Jane might be late’ canonically serves to express the speaker’s acceptance of a certain propositional content. Instead, they hold that it expresses a lack of acceptance (that Jane isn’t late). Prominent expressivists embrace pragmatic expressivism: the doxastic property expressed by a declarative is not helpfully identified with (any part of) that sentence’s compositional semantic value. Against this, we defend semantic expressivism about epistemic modals: the semantic value of a declarative from this domain is (partly) the property of doxastic attitudes it canonically serves to express. In support, we synthesize data from the critical literature on expressivism—largely reflecting interactions between modals and disjunctions—and present a semantic expressivism that readily predicts the data. This contrasts with salient competitors, including: pragmatic expressivism based on domain semantics or dynamic semantics; semantic expressivism à la Moss (Semant Pragmat 8(5):1–81, 2015. 10.3765/sp.8.5 ); and the bounded relational semantics of Mandelkern (Philos Rev 128(1):1–61, 2019. 10.1215/00318108-7213001 ).

Semantic expressivism for epistemic modals