Self-efficacy

Educational leadership

Machine learning

Job attitude

Psychology

Job performance

Political science

Mediation

Pedagogy

Leadership style

Job satisfaction

Instructional leadership

Distributed leadership

Teacher leadership

Computer science

Structural equation modeling

Social psychology

Shared leadership

Educational Management Administration & Leadership

Research evidence regarding the relative effects of instructional leadership and distributed leadership on teacher job satisfaction and self-efficacy is limited; it is even less evidential when the indirect effects of mediation variables between school leadership and teacher outcomes, including supportive school culture and teacher collaboration, are added to the total effects. In this study, the six aforementioned variables are added to one model focusing on both the direct effects instructional and distributed leadership have on teacher job satisfaction and self-efficacy, and the indirect effects through the mediation variables of supportive school culture and teacher collaboration. Using the 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey data, this research applied a rigorous structural equation model (SEM)with the design-based approach using the balanced repeated replication (BRR) weights. The results suggest that distributed leadership and instructional leadership are both positively and directly associated with teacher job satisfaction and teacher self-efficacy, respectively. Meanwhile, distributed leadership is positively and indirectly associated with both teacher job satisfaction and self-efficacy, while instructional leadership is indirectly associated with teacher job satisfaction through the mediation effects of supportive school culture and teacher collaboration.

The Effect of Instructional Leadership and Distributed Leadership on Teacher Self-efficacy and Job Satisfaction: Mediating Roles of Supportive School Culture and Teacher Collaboration