Intracavernous injection of size-specific stem cell spheroids for neurogenic erectile dysfunction: Efficacy and risk versus single cells

BackgroundIntracavernous injection (ICI) of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) has been demonstrated promising for neurogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). However, due to the sponge-like structure of corpus cavernosum (CC) with abundant vessels, ICI was indeed like intravenous injection. Thus, the cell escaping may be a concern of safety and limited therapy, but the issue has not been clearly demonstrated yet.MethodsSuspensions of free ADSCs (FAs)...