Physical geography

Extinction (optical mineralogy)

Global warming

Climate change

Sociology

Demography

Paleontology

Occupancy

Ecology

Geography

Colonization

Population

Local extinction

Biological dispersal

Species richness

Biology

Science

Increasing temperatures and declines One aspect of climate change is an increasing number of days with extreme heat. Soroye et al. analyzed a large dataset of bumble bee occurrences across North America and Europe and found that an increasing frequency of unusually hot days is increasing local extinction rates, reducing colonization and site occupancy, and decreasing species richness within a region, independent of land-use change or condition (see the Perspective by Bridle and van Rensburg). As average temperatures continue to rise, bumble bees may be faced with an untenable increase in frequency of extreme temperatures. Science , this issue p. 685 ; see also p. 626

Climate change contributes to widespread declines among bumble bees across continents