Group velocity

Control reconfiguration

Embedded system

Computer science

Acoustics

Acoustic wave

Polariton

Physics

Acoustic dispersion

Mathematics

Optics

Condensed matter physics

Combinatorics

Dispersion (optics)

Topology (electrical circuits)

Wavenumber

Nature Communications

The valley degree of freedom in crystals offers great potential for manipulating classical waves, however, few studies have investigated valley states with complex wavenumbers, valley states in graded systems, or dispersion tuning for valley states. Here, we present tunable valley phononic crystals (PCs) composed of hybrid channel-cavity cells with three tunable parameters. Our PCs support valley states and Dirac cones with complex wavenumbers. They can be configured to form chirped valley PCs in which edge modes are slowed to zero group velocity states, where the energy at different frequencies accumulates at different designated locations. They enable multiple functionalities, including tuning of dispersion relations for valley states, robust routing of surface acoustic waves, and spatial modulation of group velocities. This work may spark future investigations of topological states with complex wavenumbers in other classical systems, further study of topological states in graded materials, and the development of acoustic devices.

Dispersion tuning and route reconfiguration of acoustic waves in valley topological phononic crystals