Clinical Outcomes of the Superior Ophthalmic Vein Approach for Closure of Carotid Cavernous Fistulas

Precis: The transorbital superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) approach is a viable alternative for the management of carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) when conventional approaches through the femoral artery/vein, facial vein, or inferior petrosal sinus are unsuccessful. A review of 25 consecutive patients treated by this technique revealed successful clinical and angiographic outcomes with minimal orbital and no intracranial...