Costs of irritable bowel syndrome in European countries with universal healthcare coverage: a meta-analysis.

To provide an overall estimate of the direct, indirect and total costs of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) for the adult population of the European countries with universal healthcare coverage.We searched MedLine and Scopus databases (up to September 2018) to identify the European studies that evaluated the economic impact of IBS. Mean annual direct, indirect and total per-capita IBS costs were estimated using random-effect single-group...