Mathematics education

Political science

Peer evaluation

Medical education

Formative assessment

Applied psychology

Internal medicine

Peer group

Peer review

Medicine

Educational psychology

Academic achievement

Psychotherapist

Meta-analysis

Psychology

Peer feedback

Peer assessment

Social psychology

Higher education

Narrative review

Educational Psychology Review

Peer assessment has been the subject of considerable research interest over the last three decades, with numerous educational researchers advocating for the integration of peer assessment into schools and instructional practice. Research synthesis in this area has, however, largely relied on narrative reviews to evaluate the efficacy of peer assessment. Here, we present a meta-analysis (54 studies, k = 141) of experimental and quasi-experimental studies that evaluated the effect of peer assessment on academic performance in primary, secondary, or tertiary students across subjects and domains. An overall small to medium effect of peer assessment on academic performance was found ( g = 0.31, p &lt; .001). The results suggest that peer assessment improves academic performance compared with no assessment ( g = 0.31, p = .004) and teacher assessment ( g = 0.28, p = .007), but was not significantly different in its effect from self-assessment ( g = 0.23, p = .209). Additionally, meta-regressions examined the modera...

The Impact of Peer Assessment on Academic Performance: A Meta-analysis of Control Group Studies