Hollow concrete columns: Review of structural behavior and new designs using GFRP reinforcement

Hollow concrete columns (HCCs) reinforced with steel bars have been employed extensively for bridge piers, ground piles, and utility poles because they use fewer materials and offer higher structural efficiency compared to solid concrete columns with the same concrete area. Many experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the behavior of HCCs under different loading conditions and found that the structural performance of HCCs is...