Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube–graphene hybrid stabilizes MxN (M = Fe, Co) nanoparticles for efficient oxygen reduction reaction

A rationally designed carbon nanotube–graphene (CNT–GR) hybrid support stabilizes selectively the small, nitrogen-rich phase of iron nitride nanoparticles and incorporates effectively nitrogen species into the carbon lattices to yield cost-effective and high-performance platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This catalyst–support synergistic effect leads to superior ORR performance with a half-wave...