Synergistic Effects of Maxwell Stress and Electrostriction in Electromechanical Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Based Ferroelectric Polymers

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based relaxor ferroelectric polymers, synthesized from the physical or chemical modification of β-PVDF and P(VDF–TrFE) (TrFE refers trifluoroethylene), show high thickness strain under an external field, which allows them to be employed as electroactive materials for actuation, sensor, and artificial muscle applications. In an effort to disclose the formation mechanism of electrostrain, a series of...