Gene

Optics

Physics

Internal medicine

TFEB

Protein aggregation

Neuroscience

Crosstalk

Enzyme

Apoptosis

Immunology

Autophagy

Synucleinopathies

Disease

Parkinson's disease

Lysosome

LRRK2

Pathogenesis

Alpha-synuclein

Proteostasis

Mutation

Biochemistry

Medicine

Biology

Cell biology

Movement Disorders

ABSTRACT The accumulation and misfolding of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) represent the main pathological hallmark of PD. Overexpression of α‐syn and failure of cellular protein degradation systems play a major role in α‐syn aggregation. The discovery of PD‐associated genes related to the autophagic‐lysosomal pathway, such as VPS35 , LRRK2 , GBA1 , SMPD1 , GALC , ASAH1 , SCARB2 , CTSD , CTSB , and GLA , confirms the involvement of cellular clearance systems dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. Of importance, lysosomal enzyme activity is altered both in genetic and sporadic PD. Decreased lysosomal enzymes activities were measured in the same brain regions where α‐syn accumulates, suggesting that a crosstalk between α‐syn aggregation and autophagic‐lysosomal impairment may exist. The understanding of autophagic‐lysosomal pathway dysfunctions’ role in the pathogenesis and progression of synucleinopathies opened new perspectives for novel possible therapeutic strategies. In this article, the evidences and mechanisms of the reciprocal relation between autophagic‐lysosomal pathway impairment and misfolded α‐syn aggregation and propagation are reviewed, together with the most promising compounds targeting autophagic‐lysosomal pathway restoration as a disease‐modifying strategy for PD treatment. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

The Vicious Cycle Between <b>α</b>‐Synuclein Aggregation and Autophagic‐Lysosomal Dysfunction

The Vicious Cycle Between α‐Synuclein Aggregation and Autophagic‐Lysosomal Dysfunction