Mathematics

Multimedia

Biology

Human–computer interaction

Statistics

Philosophy

Voice command device

Paleontology

Set (abstract data type)

Programming language

Context (archaeology)

Computer science

Linguistics

Flexibility (engineering)

Politeness

Speech recognition

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

When a smart device talks, what should its voice sound like? Voice-enabled devices are becoming a ubiquitous presence in our everyday lives. Simultaneously, speech synthesis technology is rapidly improving, making it possible to generate increasingly varied and realistic computerized voices. Despite the flexibility and richness of expression that technology now affords, today's most common voice assistants often have female-sounding, polite, and playful voices by default. In this paper, we examine the social consequences of voice design, and introduce a simple research framework for understanding how voice affects how we perceive and interact with smart devices. Based on the foundational paradigm of computers as social actors, and informed by research in human-robot interaction, this framework demonstrates how voice design depends on a complex interplay between characteristics of the user, device, and context. Through this framework, we propose a set of guiding questions to inform future research in the space of voice design for smart devices.

One Voice Fits All?